来源:倍可亲(backchina.com)
6月21日消息,据BBC报道,早在今年5月份,著名科学家史蒂芬·霍金教授(Stephen Hawking)就曾发布“世界末日”预言,警告人类必须在100年内离开地球。霍金表示,延长人类生存的唯一方法就是在其他行星上找到新家。日前在挪威特隆赫姆市举行的斯塔尔慕斯科学、艺术、音乐节(Starmus Festival)上,霍金再次重申他的观点,希望尽快实现登月和前往火星计划。
前几天,微博等媒体出现“霍金再发警告不要登月”的消息,网易科技经查证,这并非霍金说的话,而是中国媒体假借霍金之名造谣,借机制造热点,网易科技发布文章进行了批驳。
霍金呼吁世界大国在2020年左右向月球派遣宇航员,同时在30年内建立起月球基地,并在2025年将人类送上火星。霍金表示,这些目标将重新点燃太空计划,结成新的联盟,给人类一种“目的感”。霍金称:“散布到太空中将完全改变人类的未来,我希望互相竞争的国家能够朝着同样的目标努力,以克服我们面对的共同挑战。雄心勃勃的新太空计划将会激励更多年轻人,并刺激起其他领域的兴趣,比如天体物理和宇宙学等。”
霍金解释称,由于地球正受到气候变化威胁,自然资源也在迅速减少,将来人类进行太空旅行是不可避免的。他说:“我们正耗尽空间,唯一的方法就是前往其他世界。现在是时候去探索其他太阳系了!散播出去可能是我们自我挽救的唯一方式。我相信,人类必须离开地球。”
欧洲宇航局局长詹·韦尔纳(Jan Woerner)已经表示,他认为2024年可建成月球基地以替换国际空间站。欧洲宇航局正与俄罗斯合作向月球发送探测器,以对建立月球基地的潜在地点进行评估。中国也设定了向月球派遣宇航员的目标。美国宇航局还没有重返月球的计划,而是着重于在2030年左右将人类送上火星。但如果其他太空机构开始合作建立月球基地,美国宇航局也肯定会参加。
霍金表示,人类在地球上不会有长远的未来:地球要么再次被小行星撞击,要么最终被自己的太阳吞噬。他补充说,旅行到遥远的世界将会“提升人性”。霍金称:“但我们实现伟大的新飞跃时,比如登陆月球,我们会令国家和人民团结起来,共同开发新技术,探索新的发现。离开地球需要全球的支持,每个人都应该参与进来。我们需要重新燃起20世纪60年代太空旅行初期的兴奋。”
霍金认为,殖民其他星球已经不再是科学幻想。他说:“如果人类想要继续维持生存100万年,我们的未来在于大胆地前往没人去过的地方。除此之外,我们别无选择。”
霍金还对美国总统唐纳德·特朗普(专题)(Donald Trump)提出尖锐批评,称应该将钱花在解决地球所面临的共同问题上。他说:“我不否认对抗气候变化和全球变暖的重要性。这与特朗普不同,他刚刚就气候变化做出最严重的错误决定。”
对于私人航天机构来说,月球看似更像特殊的旅游景点,而非永久定居点。SpaceX已经准备启动首次私人自主的往返月球太空之旅,而杰夫·贝索斯(Jeff Bezos)设想为月球启动特殊的递送服务,以促进永久定居点的建设。然而对于霍金来说,再次瞄准月球不仅仅攸关人类生存,也能加强地球上的人文科学。(小小)
以下为这篇报道的英文原文:
Hawking urges Moon landing to ‘elevate humanity’
文章链接:http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-40345048
By Pallab Ghosh
Science correspondent, BBC News
20 June 2017
From the section Science & Environment These are external links and will open in a new window Share this with Facebook Share this with Twitter Share this with Messenger Share this with Email Share
Prof Hawking says: “If humanity is to continue for another million years, our future lies in boldly going where no one else has gone before.”
Prof Stephen Hawking has called for leading nations to send astronauts to the Moon by 2020.
They should also aim to build a lunar base in 30 years’ time and send people to Mars by 2025.
Prof Hawking said that the goal would re-ignite the space programme, forge new alliances and give humanity a sense of purpose.
He was speaking at the Starmus Festival celebrating science and the arts, which is being held in Trondheim, Norway.
Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity
Prof Stephen Hawking
”Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity,” he said.
”I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal, to face the common challenge for us all.
”A new and ambitious space programme would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics and cosmology”.
Return of the Moon landings would give humanity “a sense of purpose”.
He addressed the concerns of those arguing that it would be better to spend our money on solving the problems of this planet along with a pointed criticism of US President Donald Trump.
”I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious, and wrong, decision on climate change this world has seen,” he said.
Prof Hawking explained that human space travel is essential for the future of humanity precisely because the Earth was under threat from climate change as well as diminishing natural resources.
”We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. It is time to explore other solar systems. Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth,” the Cambridge University theoretical physicist explained.
The European Space Agency’s vision for a Moon base
The head of the European Space Agency (Esa) Jan Woerner has said he envisages the construction of a Moon base to replace the station in 2024 and is collaborating with Russia to send a probe to assess a potential site. China has set itself the goal of sending an astronaut to the Moon.
Nasa has no plans to return to the Moon, instead focusing its efforts on sending astronauts to Mars by the 2030s. Though if other space agencies begin to collaborate on constructing a lunar base it would be hard to see Nasa not participating.
Prof Hawking said that there was no long-term future for our species staying on Earth: it would either be hit by an asteroid again or eventually engulfed by our own Sun. He added that travelling to distant worlds would “elevate humanity”.
Media captionIn this European Space Agency video Dr James Carpenter describes the landing site
”Whenever we make a great new leap, such as the Moon landings, we bring people and nations together, usher in new discoveries, and new technologies,” he continued.
”To leave Earth demands a concerted global approach, everyone should join in. We need to rekindle the excitement of the early days of space travel in the sixties.”
He said that the colonisation of other planets was no longer science fiction, though he did pay tribute to the genre in his closing remarks.
”If humanity is to continue for another million years, our future lies in boldly going where no one else has gone before.
”I hope for the best. I have to. We have no other option”.
相关阅读:
霍金警告人类不要尝试登月?中文媒体又丢人了
网易科学讯6月19日消息,今日中文互联网上有大量媒体转载《霍金再发警告不要登月 科学家证实外星人就在月球背面》,此后又有人说这是BBC报道的,但经过媒体求证,BBC并无此消息,外国主流媒体也没有此类报道。
相反,霍金的主张是人类移民(专题)太空,“我们必须在未来一百年内离开地球”。而月球和火星正是人类的首要目标。(虽然这种说法被主流媒体抨击。)
在“霍金再发警告不要登月”的原文中称,“科学家似乎非常认同霍金的这种说法,并且已找到证据,或许月球背面真的有外星人!”并称1976年,美苏曾联手发射阿波罗-20号飞船秘密登陆月球。因为在此前的阿波罗登月 和前苏联的卫星均拍到了月球上的远古城市和飞船。
同时,文中还称“根据嫦娥二号工程内部人士透露,经卫星拍摄的月球高清影像分析发现,月球上真的有外星人基地和远古飞船残骸。”
但以上说法并没有任何主流媒体证实。相反,主流媒体的观点是,目前人类没有发现任何外星生命留下的遗迹,我们还在努力寻找外星生命。
中国于2008年公布了月球表面全图
果壳网主编徐来(微博名@拇姬)表示,传说中“阿波罗20”项目——一个非常著名的外星人谣言。这个谣言最早来自youtube。内容是说一位意大利艺术家采访退役美国宇航员William Rutledge(W.R.),后者曾经经历秘密的(由美国和苏联共同执行的)“阿波罗20号”任务,在月球背面发现了一个文明遗迹。他们还带回了一个处于冬眠中的女性……
然而,这是个愚人节视频。这个视频最早是在2007年4月1日被上传的。视频中所使用的影像和图片资料基本上来自NASA的公开资料——但是经过了视频制作者的处理。尽管最初的上传者已经移除了这个视频,但它依然各处流布。由于中国互联网媒体追求流量效应,这种说法被屡次翻出,吸引眼球。
果壳网主笔@瘦驼称“我们做科普的丢不起这人。????”
NASA在2015年公布了月球背面与地球的合影